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International Roughness Index
The International Roughness Index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles. It is calculated using a quarter-car vehicle math model, whose response is accumulated to yield a roughness index with units of slope (in/mi, m/km, etc.). Since its introduction in 1986,〔Sayers, M.W., Gillespie, T. D., and Paterson, W.D. Guidelines for the Conduct and Calibration of Road Roughness Measurements, World Bank Technical Paper No. 46, The World Bank, Washington DC, 1986.〕 〔Sayers, M.W., Gillespie, T. D., and Queiroz, C.A.V. The International Road Roughness Experiment: Establishing Correlation and a Calibration Standard for Measurements, World Bank Technical Paper No. 45, The World Bank, Washington DC, 1986.〕 IRI has become the road roughness index most commonly used worldwide for evaluating and managing road systems.
The measurement of IRI is required for data provided to the United States Federal Highway Administration, and is covered in several standards from ASTM International: ASTM E1926 - 08,〔ASTM E1926 - 08 Standard Practice for Computing International Roughness Index of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements〕 ASTM E1364 - 95(2005),〔ASTM E1364 - 95(2005) Standard Test Method for Measuring Road Roughness by Static Level Method〕 and others. IRI is also used to evaluate new pavement construction, to determine penalties or bonus payments based on smoothness.
== History ==
In the early 1980s the highway engineering community identified road roughness as the primary indicator of the utility of a highway network to road users. However, existing methods used to characterize roughness were not reproducible by different agencies using different measuring equipment and methods. Even with a given agency, the methods were not necessarily repeatable. Nor were they stable with time.
The United States National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) initiated a research project to help state agencies improve their use of roughness measuring equipment.〔Gillespie, T.D., Sayers, M.W., and Segel, L., “Calibration of Response-Type Road Roughness Measuring Systems.” NCHRP Report. No. 228, December 1980〕 The work was continued by The World Bank〔 to determine how to compare or convert data obtained from different countries (mostly developing countries) involved in World Bank projects. Findings from the World Bank testing showed that most equipment in use could produce useful roughness measures on a single scale if methods were standardized. The roughness scale that was defined and tested was eventually named the International Roughness Index.The World Bank〔
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